# R3 | x-ai/grok-4.3 | run 1

## Prompt

Who was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, and for what? Cite your sources.

## Response

**Roger Penrose received one half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics for showing that black hole formation is a robust prediction of general relativity. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez jointly received the other half for discovering a supermassive compact object at the center of the Milky Way, now understood to be a supermassive black hole.**[[1]](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/)[[2]](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/)

## Laureates and Citations
- **Roger Penrose** (University of Oxford): For mathematical proofs demonstrating that black holes arise naturally from Einstein’s general theory of relativity.[[2]](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/)
- **Reinhard Genzel** (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and UC Berkeley) and **Andrea Ghez** (UCLA): For precise astronomical observations mapping stellar orbits around an invisible, extremely massive object at the galactic center, Sagittarius A*.[[2]](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/)

## Official Details
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on October 6, 2020. The award recognized groundbreaking contributions to understanding black holes—one theoretical and one observational.[[2]](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/)

**What aspect of black hole research or the laureates’ work interests you most?**
