# R3 | meta/muse-spark-1.1 | run 2

## Prompt

Who was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, and for what? Cite your sources.

## Response

The 2020 Physics Nobel honored breakthroughs on black holes — I'll gather the official laureates and their citations.

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists for work on black holes.

**Laureates:**
* **Roger Penrose** - University of Oxford, UK
* **Reinhard Genzel** - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and UC Berkeley
* **Andrea M. Ghez** - University of California, Los Angeles

Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea M. Ghez, 2020 Nobel Laureates in Physics [5261337318775396624†L7-L10]. The prize was announced for discoveries about black holes, which are among the most exotic phenomena in the universe [5261337318775396624†L13-L16].

## What it was awarded for

The prize was divided into two halves with distinct citations:

**Roger Penrose - 1/2 of the prize**
Awarded *“for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”* [3157125350279712367†L8-L15]. Penrose showed that general relativity leads to the formation of black holes [3157125350279712367†L32-L34].

**Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez - 1/4 each, jointly 1/2**
Awarded *“for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”* [3157125350279712367†L24-L29].

The official summary states:
> The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 was divided, one half awarded to Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity", the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" [4139330240168986115†L26-L29]

Genzel and Ghez led separate research groups since the early 1990s mapping the orbits of stars around Sagittarius A* at the centre of the Milky Way, providing the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole of about four million solar masses.

Would you like a deeper explanation of Penrose's singularity theorem or how Genzel and Ghez tracked stars at the galactic center?
